The revolutionists demanded the Spanish Con- tion of 1820 stitution of 1812, not because they knew much about it save that it was very democratic and possessed the ad- vantage of being ready-made.

The King immediately yielded and the constitution was proclaimed.

THE CONGRESSES Thus in 1820 the Revolution, so hateful to the diplomats of 1815, had resumed the offensive.

Spain and Naples had overthrown the regime that had been in force five years, and had adopted constitutions that were thoroughly saturated with the principles of Revolutionary France.

There had likewise been a revolution against the established regime in Portugal.